ABSTRACT
The economic downturn due to lockdown measures at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis raised the question whether any adaptations to the short-term statistics (STS) were needed to ensure accurate and relevant output. We limit ourselves to STS on turnover and related variables like volume of production. We looked into the different stages of the production process - from data collection to output - and anticipated a number of potential lockdown effects. With respect to output relevance, there was an increased interest in faster and specific output. With respect to the output accuracy, we took measures to check whether the anticipated effects really occurred and measures to mitigate the consequences. Examples of such measures are the calculation of an additional editing score function, alternative imputations and extensions of the regular analysis step. In this paper we give an overview of the anticipated effects, the subsequent measures that we took, we evaluate to what extent the anticipated effects occurred in practice and we mention some unforeseen effects. We end this paper by discussing to what extent the developed measures are also useful to keep after the economy has recovered. © 2023 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The economic downturn due to lockdown measures at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis raised the question whether any adaptations to the short-term statistics (STS) were needed to ensure accurate and relevant output. We limit ourselves to STS on turnover and related variables like volume of production. We looked into the different stages of the production process – from data collection to output – and anticipated a number of potential lockdown effects. With respect to output relevance, there was an increased interest in faster and specific output. With respect to the output accuracy, we took measures to check whether the anticipated effects really occurred and measures to mitigate the consequences. Examples of such measures are the calculation of an additional editing score function, alternative imputations and extensions of the regular analysis step. In this paper we give an overview of the anticipated effects, the subsequent measures that we took, we evaluate to what extent the anticipated effects occurred in practice and we mention some unforeseen effects. We end this paper by discussing to what extent the developed measures are also useful to keep after the economy has recovered. [ FROM AUTHOR]
ABSTRACT
Using a nationally representative sample of young adults, this study examines COVID-induced financial hardship and its association with suicide risk (N = 1,087). About 40% experienced one or more financial hardship, a third reported having suicidal ideation, and 1.57% reported suicide attempt. The association between financial hardship and suicide risk was cumulative: Those reporting four or more financial hardships were 2.61 times more likely to report suicidal ideation and 24.27 times more likely to report a suicide attempt. The finding that COVID-related financial insecurity was associated with drastically elevated suicide risks highlights the need to assess financial hardship for suicide risk.
ABSTRACT
Research has shown that students on the autism spectrum are more likely than neurotypical students to major in STEM fields. Other research, on school children as well as older students, has shown that students on the autism spectrum can benefit from an environment where stimulation is reduced. The author's institution had recently designated specialized rooms for nursing mothers, parents with small children, and veterans. During Fall Semester 2019 the authors applied for grant funding to renovate a small, unused room on the second floor of Carlson Library on the Main Campus of The University of Toledo. Following recommendations in the literature and advice from the campus Student Disability Services Office, the authors selected lighting, soundproofing, furniture, and paint for the room renovations. They also obtained support from the Dean of University Libraries for the project. However, plans changed when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the United States in early 2020. The University went virtual from mid-March to Mid-August 2020, and all librarians were working from home. Sources of funding disappeared due to fears of an economic downturn. In the Fall of 2021, we were told there was internal funding available for this renovation. This paper reports on the authors' future plans since funding is on hold. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.
ABSTRACT
The International Monetary Fund estimates that the coronavirus pandemic could cause a deeper global recession than the economic downturn triggered by the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Uncertainty about the duration of the pandemic and unpredictability of the scale of its consequences provokes the search for ways not only to counter the threats of economic downturn, but also ways to economic growth and promote innovation in the difficult times of the pandemic. With this in mind, this article will analyze the application of cluster analysis to assess the state of banks. The problem of bank clustering is classified as ill-structured. Expert technologies and tools of artificial intelligence should be used to solve it. At the preliminary stage of the research, expert technologies are used, on the basis of which a subset of banking performance indicators is determined, which are essential for the decision on clustering. In addition, the characteristics of the banks that most influence the cluster analysis are selected.The authors propose to use an analysis based on the construction of clusters from the main indicators that characterize the activities of banks instead of analyzing the risks of banks, based on the calculation of economic standards. Prospects for improving methods of regulating the activities of banks in Ukraine are considered. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
ABSTRACT
The study explores about Current advancements in manufacturing techniques and automation have resulted in 'Industry 4.0, a new industrial revolution. Industry 4.0' is a vast subject that encompasses information management, industrial competitiveness, manufacturing processes, and productivity. The phrase Industry 4.0 refers to a set of important allowing 'technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Deep Learning, and artificial intelligence', which are key sources to automated and computerized industrial settings. 'Industry 4.0 technologies' aid in the attainment of sustainability in corporate processes. The present study achievements and future studies potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to accomplish 'manufacturing sustainability' are investigated using a comprehensive literature review method for the research. 'The function and effect of several Industry 4.0 technologies on manufacturing sustainability are thoroughly' addressed. However, loT may have a major impact on the economy and society. Some fear that it may result in the formation of amazingly centers of income and expertise, which will have a negative impact on the whole economy. Today, the coronavirus infection COVID-19 is wreaking havoc on the economies of most nations, causing disruptions in supply chains, the failure of small and medium-sized enterprises, an increase in the number of jobless, and other consequences. Under these circumstances, the digitization of all economic sectors and individuals' fundamental aspects of life becomes extremely vital. The essay examines multinational organizations connected to the idea of Industry 4.0 and illnesses caused by coronavirus infection. Artificial intelligence systems can aid in the mapping, management, prediction, and modelling of complicated systems, decreasing uncertainty and assisting experts in making decisions. The Internet of Things enables data transmission, improves control and automation, and gives potential to reduce the business's operational expenses. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
The paper identifies the leading role of digitalization and Industry 4.0 formation for economic development in modern conditions. It is emphasized that new digital technologies can help a united Europe to become more competitive. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic underlined the importance of economy's digitalization and Industry 4.0 development. This also increased the risks to achieving Europe's economic goals if the digital transformation is not carried out. The main declared provisions for the development of Industry 4.0 in the EU are given. It is determined that in fact these plans were not achieved before the economic downturn which was caused by the pandemic. An analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EU macroeconomic indicators is proposed: the crisis has revealed the interdependence of global value chains and the value of Europe's globally integrated Single Market. It is determined that in such conditions a new transition to a more digital and sustainable economic and industrial model in order to support and strengthen the EU's desire for sustainable competitiveness has gained new meaning and relevance. The EU's Multiannual Financial Plan for 2021-2027, has been analyzed. It aims to offset the economic and social damage caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Innovation, digital transformation, strategic infrastructure and the single market should be key to boosting the EU's future growth. A large amount of budget funding of the European Union is aimed at economic recovery through the digital transformation and the formation of Industry 4.0. It is planned that this will help invest more in advanced digital skills and wider use of digital technologies in the economy and society, i.e. the formation of a base for Industry 4.0 further development. Although the effects of the pandemic on the EU economy are not yet fully visible, there is already a strategy to overcome them through the acceleration of innovation, the intensification of digital transformation and the development of Industry 4.0 in all EU countries.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic and the related lockdown restrictions have imposed a wide range of impacts that need to be analysed based on the specific characteristics of countries. By comparing socio-economic and energy data for the four quarters of 2020 to the same period of 2019, the MuSIASEM approach is used, for the first time, to investigate the energy metabolism of UK during a period of economic downturn. Results show that the commercial and the public administration activities have been able to achieve energy efficiency increases, and the residential sector has accounted for energy-related economies of scale. The industrial and the other activity sectors, on the contrary, have raised the energy intensity of production. Comparted to time series data, scenarios, and modelling exercises, the MuSIASEM approach integrates a wide range of intensive and extensive variables across different scales of analysis and investigate how specific socio-economic and energy structures have reacted to the COVID-19 crisis. The methodology can be easily replicated for other case studies and results can support the design of recovery and sustainable transition strategies.
ABSTRACT
The lockdown imposed to limit the diffusion of COVID-19 in Italy affected the economic situation negatively. The income of many households decreased, and people were forced to stay home. Both these factors influenced food consumption: on the one hand less income means less money for purchases, on the other, the negative psychological impact of lesser income and the pandemic shifted the consumption towards alcohol and tobacco. Using survey data, this paper shows how the negative economic shock due to lockdown, together with the restrictions imposed by it, affected the consumption of food items in a region of Norther Italy.
ABSTRACT
Stock market is place where financial securities tradingtakes place of public companies. Public company first liststheir shares in the primary market. There are two primarymarket in context of India that is bombaystockexchnage (bse) and national stock exchange(nse). Investors can buy and sell their shares throughsecondary market. Covid-19 changed every event extraordinarily. Due to covid-19 caused "lockdown"everyeconomic sector went down due to no monetary transactionand shut down of every business sector. Indian economy hadnever experienced such a massive breakdown in both demandand supply in its past. The share market first hit the economy downturn at the beginning of the pandemic and the after some month the market increased in increasing order as thecovid-19 decreased.in this study we consider the aspects like gdp, indianeconomy, gold market, stock market-covid 19, stock return, investor behavior and economy downturn. © 2022 Author(s).
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China is now facing the double pressure of economic downturn brought by COVID-19 and low-carbon transition. The trade-off between short-term economic recovery and long-term green development makes it necessary to design the economic recovery policies under multiple objectives. This paper constructs a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, and analyses the process from the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic to its economic impact and then to government intervention. The results show that 1) the short-term economic recovery effects of all three economic stimulus policies are remarkable. Under the green economic stimulus policy, GDP grew by 3.3%, 5.3% and 6% in the second, third and fourth quarter of 2020. 2) the green economic stimulus policy reduced economic fluctuations, thus acting as an automatic stabilizer and contributing to a stable economic recovery. 3) in the long run, the green economic stimulus policy is conducive to achieving a green transition of the economy, and avoiding a high carbon lock-in effect in the future. More importantly, it is the preferred path to achieve the 2060 carbon neutrality target. We estimate that each 1 CNY increase in green investment will reduce future abatement costs by 1.5~2.6 CNY. © 2022, Editorial Board of Journal of Systems Engineering Society of China. All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
The performance and diversification benefits of the cryptocurrencies during the economic downturn are yet to be explored. Previous evidence suggests that cryptocurrencies are effective portfolio diversifiers in normal times. This paper assesses risk-return profile of the portfolios with and without currencies, using the CVaR optimization. We used daily data from 1.1.2020 to 15.3.2021 on the ten cryptocurrencies and traditional assets and constructed efficient frontiers for the portfolios in question. Our results suggest that cryptocurrencies, even if only naively diversified, improved the risk-return performance of the portfolio during the pandemic. © 2021 Samo Drobne – Lidija Zadnik Stirn – Mirjana Kljajić Borštnar – Janez Povh – Janez Žerovnik
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of the analysis of prices of exported and imported steel products in total in Poland. Changes in prices of steel products were analyzed in the period from 2005 to 2020. The adopted long period of analysis of steel products prices allowed to determine their level in the period before, the first in the century, the world financial crisis of 2008 and after this crisis until 2020, when the COVID-19 crisis started (and is still ongoing). The aim of the study was to answer the question about the impact of the global economic crises (economic downturn, strong economic slowdown in the world) on the level of prices of steel products imported to Poland and exported from Poland. The steel industry in Poland was used as a case. © 2021 TANGER Ltd., Ostrava.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19-epidemic, which began in China at the end of 2019, appeared in the early spring of 2020 in Europe and began to spread rapidly. Each country tried to respond to the rolling out of the epidemic at different speed and in different ways. The interventions were related to nonproliferation mainly. Despite interventions to flatten the epidemic curve, the crisis negatively affected all economies. Experts brought to the fore pessimistic and tragic scenarios. Everyone agreed that the epidemic would affect every country and every industry. Experts also agreed that there are industries (e.g. tourism, hospitality, entertainment) where the crisis will have a very strong negative impact both in the short and long term, while other industries (eg pharmaceuticals) may have cautiously optimistic expectations. During the first wave of the epidemic, countries tried to mitigate the negative effects of the crisis with various economic protection and compensation measures. In our research, we show the impact of the economic crisis caused by the epidemic on the economy of the Visegrad countries between spring 2020 and that of 2021. We analysed which industries are most exposed to the negative effects. We examined how this affected related industries and the society. Considering the regional concentration of the most affected industries, we present the regional aspects of the economic consequences of the crisis in the four countries concerned. We show how infection and mortality rates evolved from the outbreak to March 2021, and what interventions were taken by each state by looking at the economy in a more broad perspective as well as in a narrower sense at each of the key industries. We paid special attention to the measures taken in order to protect the smallest players of the economy (SME sector, consumers) and we also try to estimate the expected impact of the interventions. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
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The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic is an unprecedented shock to the Indian economy. COVID-19 has been projected as worse than the Great Depression of 1930. The magnitude of the economic impact will depend upon the duration and severity of the health crisis, the duration of the lockdown and the manner in which the situation unfolds once the lockdown is lifted. Indian economy, however, has a slightly different story to tell at this hour of crisis. The silver lining for the Indian economy comes from a steep fall in the crude oil prices from around $70 per barrel to a record 18 years low of $22 per barrel. This windfall gain can, to some extent, offset the direct losses due to COVID-19. At the same time, dreams like a $5 trillion economy no longer look even a remote possibility. This article takes stock of the likely impact of COVID-19 on the Indian economy in the short term and the long term. A decision-tree approach has been adopted for doing the projections. © 2022, International Journal of Special Education. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted communities throughout the United States and worldwide. While the implications of the concomitant economic downturn for older adults are just beginning to be recognized, past experience suggests that the consequences could be devastating for many. Analyses indicate that more than one out of five Americans aged 65 years or older live in counties where high infection rates and high economic insecurity risks occur simultaneously. These findings highlight the overlap between current infection patterns and subsequent challenges to economic security that are impacting older people. Strategies and supports for getting people back to work must take into account the large segment of older people who rely on earnings well into later life. Social Security serves as the foundation of economic security for older adults across the income continuum, but it is frequently insufficient in and of itself, let alone during a crisis. Recognizing the importance of cost of living in shaping economic security highlights the need for the federal and state governments and municipalities to take older people into account in the economic recovery effort.